ENCIT2012-300 TESTING CHARPY AS PRACTICAL HELP IN LEARNING THEORY AND ENGINEERING - PDF
Vinicius Souza Morais, UCDB, Brazil
Abstract: The impact test was devised to determine if a material could be used as cutting tools. Sometime after Augustin Charpy modifications made in the first test developed by directing the body-of-proof in a different position, but keeping the same principle of the method of impact. The impact test allows us to predict how a material behaves when it is subjected to a load with dynamic characteristics, the tensile tests and bending now allows us to predict the behavior of the material when subjected to static loads. Equipment of this type is essential in university laboratories for practical lessons that may occur, so the students assimilate how and why these types of tests run, facilitating the teaching of teachers. The machines drop weight impact and are popular, especially in aerospace, ballistic impact tests in which it can reach high speeds and simulate, for example, the impact of birds on airplanes. This work aims to build a machine Charpy impact test for small impact energies, with the sizing and detailing of components such as design, drawings and machining. Through the equality between potential and kinetic energy of the pendulum was able to extract the main variables that allowed estimating important dimensions such as time of abandonment of the pendulum and its radius of gyration. With the previous choice of energy absorbed and impact velocity, it was possible to determine the mass and dimensions of the pendulum hammer.
Keywords:charpy; classroom teaching; prototype.
Presentation Schedule: Thursday, 15:40-16:00. Session: CEE2-2. Presenter: Vinicius Souza Morais.
ENCIT2012-254 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF THE REMOVAL EFFICIENCY OF SO2 IN A SPRAY TOWER USING DIFFERENT SPRAY NOZZLES - PDF
Milene Costa Codolo, Waldir Bizzo, Unicamp, Brazil
Abstract: This work presents an experimental evaluation of the removal efficiency of SO2 in a spray tower. The experiments were carried out in different conditions, varying gas velocity and using different sprays nozzles. The influence of the height of tower on the removal efficiency was evaluated through experiments inside spray tower. In this study was used two sets of five nozzles, with diameter of orifice of 2.4 and 3.2 mm, and only one nozzle with diameter of orifice of 5.6 mm.
Keywords:spray tower; sulphur dioxide; absorption; mass transfer.
Presentation Schedule: Wednesday, 10:00-10:20. Session: CEE2-1. Presenter: Milene Costa Codolo.
ENCIT2012-236 EVALUATION OF ALTERNATIVE MATERIALS TO IMPROVE THE THERMAL, OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF PIPES USED IN COMPACT PHOTOBIOREACTORS - PDF
Camila Agner D'aquino, NPDEAS, Brazil
Marilda Munaro, LACTEC, Brazil
José Viriato Coelho Vargas, UFPR, Brazil
Abstract: The evaluation of different materials to application in photobioreactors and the development of new ones is essential to enable the cost of microalgae production, mainly for the purpose of biofuel production. It is known that the materials commonly used had some environmental and economical controversy relating to the use thereof. In despite this, blends of polypropylene random copolymer (RCP) with an oleofinic elastomer as an alternative to materials currently used were studied. Samples were studied by adding 10\% EPR (w/w) in PCR matrix, which are with or without addition of anti-UV. The results showed that after 15 weeks of exposure to natural weathering the sample of 100\% RCP resulted in a fragile behavior while the addition of the oleofinic elastomer helped to maintain the thermal, mechanical and optical properties of the material. Furthermore, it was observed a tendency of crosslinking formation in the samples with the addition of the oleofinic elastomer, resulting in a delay of the termination process of aging. For samples with the addition of anti-UV, the best response was observed against the aging, and these samples showed no significant changes in their thermal, optical and mechanical response.
Keywords:polypropylene copolymer random; photobioreactors; aging; anti-UV.
Presentation Schedule: Thursday, 15:20-15:40. Session: CEE2-2. Presenter: José Viriato Coelho Vargas.
ENCIT2012-243 WIND TUNNEL SIMULATIONS OF THE EFFECTS OF POROUS FENCE ON THE AERODYNAMICS OF MINERAL PILES - PDF
Rafael Belo Pinheiro, Reginaldo Rosa Cotto de Paula, José Firmino Salvador, IFES, Brazil
Marcos Sebastião de Paula Gomes, PUC-Rio, Brazil
Abstract: The knowledge of wind fence effects on wind field is important to undertanding the erosion mechanism around mineral piles. Wind tunnel simulations of mean velocity field characteristics of the air flow upwind and winward on the wind fences were investigated. The experiments were performed in a simulated neutral boundary layer wind tunnel which the incident flow represented the suburbun site. Wind fences scale models with different porosities (36\%, 57\%, 63\% and 81\%), materials and height were installed upwind of the mineral piles.
Keywords:wind fence; mineral piles; wind tunnel experiments.
Presentation Schedule: Thursday, 15:00-15:20. Session: CEE2-2. Presenter: Reginaldo Rosa Cotto de Paula.
ENCIT2012-239 AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY FOR THE ASSESSMENT OF THE ROLE OF THE GREEN BELT IN REDUCING WIND VELOCITY AROUND MINERAL PILES - PDF
Amanda Souza Rocha, Tatiane Mansk Lauret, Reginaldo Rosa Cotto de Paula, José Firmino Salvador, IFES, Brazil
Abstract: An experimental study for the assessment of the role of the green belt (GB) in reducing the effects of wind field over mineral piles was performed in a wind tunnel. In this idealized study model scale trees were chosen to represent a GB around the mineral area. In order to investigate the flow field in a wind tunnel test, it was simulated a boundary layer similar to the atmospheric boundary layer typical of the suburban site. The effectiveness of the GB was evaluated by analyzing the heigh of trees, the width of GB, geometry and distance from the mineral piles. The results showed that green belts effectively provides a shelter effec upwind of the piles.
Keywords:green belt; mineral piles; atmospheric boundary layer; turbulent flow.
Presentation Schedule: Thursday, 14:40-15:00. Session: CEE2-2. Presenter: Reginaldo Rosa Cotto de Paula.
ENCIT2012-365 THE CALCIUM LOOPING CYCLE FOR CAPTURING CARBON DIOXIDE APPLIED TO THE ENERGY GENERATION - PDF
Ivonete Ávila, UNESP, Brazil
Daniela A. Mortari, Antonio Moreira dos Santos, USP, Brazil
Paula Crnkovic, UNESP, Brazil
Abstract: The calcium looping process (Ca-L) is a promising technology to reduce of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions when applied in energy generation systems. Ca-based materials (usually limestone) are used in this process as CO2 sorbents. Thus, the CO2 capture occurs by the reversible reaction between calcium oxide (CaO) and CO2, resulting in the calcium carbonate form (CaCO3). Compared to other technologies applied to carbon sequestration process, the Ca-L offers additional advantages such: the use of fluidized bed technology that is already well established; this process occurs at high temperature, and the excess of heat generated can be recovered; the cost of limestone sorbents is low because of its wide availability. However, in the applying the Ca-L process is essential to understand the mechanism and the effect of partial pressure of CO2 in both, calcination and carbonation processes; to investigate the effect of sintering and to evaluate the sorbent activity decay. In this paper, empirical technique such as thermogravimetry is applied to investigate the reactivity of limestone sorbents and the effect of CO2 high concentrations in both calcination/carbonation processes.
Keywords:calcium looping; carbon capture; dolomite; thermogravimetry.
Presentation Schedule: Wednesday, 10:20-10:40. Session: CEE2-1. Presenter: Ivonete Ávila.
ENCIT2012-238 WIND TUNNEL SIMULATIONS OF AIRFLOW WITHIN AND ABOVE OF THE HOMOGENEOUS EUCALYPTUS FOREST STRUCTURE - PDF
Jamily Faé Stocco, Paula Laranja Leal de Mattos Pereira, Reginaldo Rosa Cotto de Paula, IFES, Brazil
Reginaldo Gonçalves Mafia, Cristiane Coutinho Meneguzzi, Fibria Celulose S.A., Brazil
Abstract: In this work wind tunnel simulations of airflow within and above homogeneous eucalyptus stand were carried out in order to study the flow patterns. The mean wind velocities and turbulence intensity were measured on a vertical plane within and above of the eucalyptus forest scale model. For the incoming flow, two incident wind velocities in the frontal edge of the forest were considered. The results of the experimental simulations corresponded to a forest with height 0.215 m and the domain was represented by a eucalyptus homogeneous forest of 21.44 m. The purpose of this work was to investigate the flow patterns in an eucalyptus forest of FIBRIA Celulose S.A., located in Aracruz, ES, Brazil.
Keywords:forest flow; turbulence; wind tunnel simulations; eucalyptus.
Presentation Schedule: Wednesday, 09:40-10:00. Session: CEE2-1. Presenter: Jamily Faé Stocco.
ENCIT2012-241 STUDY OF WAKE REGION OF THE TYPICAL ISOLATED BUILDINGS. PART I: FLOW VISUALIZATION - PDF
Artur Burgo, Fernanda Capucho Cezana, Reginaldo Rosa Cotto de Paula, IFES, Brazil
Marcos Sebastião de Paula Gomes, PUC-Rio, Brazil
Bianca Hulle de Souza, IFES, Brazil
Abstract: In this work the wind tunnel experiments of wind flow around isolated buildings were performed in order to investigate the flow pattern and lengths of the reattachement points in the near wake and roof of the body. The experiments were conducted in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel by using cubic and rectangular buildings for comparisons of flow patterns. For the incoming flow, it was considered only one building orientation relative to the incident wind with different velocities. The flow visualization technique was used to study the effects of model scale building geometries on the wind field behavior. The results obtained by visualization experiments presented a similar pattern in the vortex system, however with different dimensions of the flow region.
Keywords:building flow; wind tunnel experiments; flow visualization; atmospheric boundary layer.
Presentation Schedule: Thursday, 12:40-13:00. Session: CEE1-2. Presenter: Artur Burgo and Bianca Hulle.
ENCIT2012-035 EVALUATION OF THE MUTAGENIC POTENTIAL OF EMISSIONS GENERATED IN THE COMBUSTION OF GLYCERIN AS AN ALTERNATIVE FUEL - PDF
Daniel Terruggi Mazak, Ivonete Ávila, Aymer Y. Maturana Cordoba, Paula Cristina Manoel Crnkovic, Josmar Davilson Pagliuso, USP, Brazil
Abstract: This paper evaluates the use of crude glycerin, a by-product of the manufacture of a Brazilian biodiesel, as a sustainable alternative of energy generation. The mutagenic effects from emissions generated by the direct combustion of glycerin and diesel in a flame tube furnace were evaluated using the Trad-SH assay. The emissions from the combustion tests, such as sulphur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOX), total hydrocarbons (THC), carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were quantified through gases analyzers. Tradescantia plants were exposed to those emitions in a fumigation chamber for 30-40. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test were used to compare differences between six test groups (three intoxicated with emissions from glycerol combustion and three from diesel combustion) and the control group. Comparing the six groups, only one glycerin group showed statistical differences, presenting a higher mutation rate. However, this difference may be due to the complexity of the burning process and also to the impurities present in the material. The results have showed that the crude glycerin has a mutagenic potential similar to diesel and may be used to replace it without providing further damage to the organisms.
Keywords:Glycerin; diesel; combustion emissions; Tradescantia; Trad-SH.
Presentation Schedule: Thursday, 14:20-14:40. Session: CEE2-2. Presenter: Ivonete Ávila.